The acromioclavicular ac joint is where the clavicle meets the acromion. Anterior view of the bones and joints of the shoulder complex. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the shoulder joint and its important. The purpose of this article is to provide a useful tool for the ultrasound. As a consequence the shoulder joint is highly mobile, where stability takes second place to mobility, as is evident from the shape of the osseous structures. Supraspinatus supporting the shoulder joint infraspinatus supporting the shoulder joint subscapularis front of shoulder biceps front of upper arm triceps back of upper arm length of program. Functional anatomy of the shoulder pubmed central pmc. For these reasons, steroid injections for the shoulder joint are limited to three total per joint. The shoulder complex has the greatest mo bility of all joints. The authors explore the anatomy of the glenohumeral joint and the surrounding structures that contribute to the function of the joint.
The scapulothoracic joint is the physiological, or func tional, joint between the underside of the scapula and the dorsal thoracic wall. Development of the human shoulder joint during the. The glenohumeral joint is where the ball humeral head and the socket the glenoid meet. Anatomy and physiology, ed 7, new york, 2006, mcgraw.
Bobby masocol md primary care sports medicine fellow. The shoulder joint is formed where the humerus upper arm bone fits into the scapula shoulder blade, like a ball and socket. It is the major joint connecting the upper limb to the trunk. The only skeletal connection of upper limb to trunk is claviclescapula is connected only through muscular attachments. Instability the common disorders arise from diseases of the following structures. Anatomy of the shoulder joint this movie is an educational resource only and should not be used to make a decision on shoulder arthroscopy. It is a ballandsocket joint, formed between the glenoid fossa of scapula gleno and the head of humerus humeral acting in conjunction with the pectoral girdle, the shoulder joint allows for a wide range of motion at the upper limb. The shoulder joint glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket joint between the scapula and the humerus. The shoulder is made up of two joints, the acromioclavicular joint and the glenohumeral joint. It is one of the most mobile joints in the human body, at the cost of joint stability. The shoulder girdle and upper arm are made up of a number of. Glenohumeral ligaments static ligamentous restraints in different arm positions. At the anterior portion of the capsule three local reinforcements are present. Instead, joint security is provided entirely by the soft tissue structures.
Cadaveric study of the articular branches of the shoulder. Stability of the joint is governed by a combination of static ligaments, dynamic muscular forces, meniscocapsular aponeurosis, bony topography, and joint load. A second joint in the shoulder is the junction of the collar bone with the shoulder blade, called the. Over the years, shoulder joint replacement has come to be used for many other painful conditions. Shoulder girdle permits largest rom of any complex in the body shoulder girdle increases rom with less compromise of stability scapulohumeral rhythm 4 joints vs. Anterior view of the bones and joints of the shoul.
It further contributes to stability of the joint by increasing the depth of the glenoid socket, enlarg ing the surface area and acting as a loadbearing structure for the. The primary structures affected by ra in the shoulder include the glenohumeral joint, rotator cuff, and distal end of the clavicle. Joints are thus functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, which is a freely moveable joint arthroun to fasten by a joint. Chapter 5 the shoulder joint manual of structural kinesiology r. Movements of the human shoulder represent the result of a complex dynamic interplay of structural bony anatomy and biomechanics, static ligamentous and tendinous restraints, and dynamic muscle forces.
Cadaveric study of the articular branches of the shoulder joint. The shoulder is a ballandsocket joint and has the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body. Normal anatomy and biomechanics of the knee fred flandry, md, facsw and gabriel hommel, md abstract. The acromioclavicular joint is where the acromion, part of the shoulder blade scapula and the collar bone clavicle meet. A thorough understanding of the functional anatomy of the shoulder provides the clinician with a foundation for caring for athletes with shoulder injuries. Contrasting these ligamentously stable joints is the single most important joint of the shoulder complex, the glenohumeral joint which is the fourth anatomical joint. Diagnoses and treatment can prove to be a challenge for practitioners, especially if the underlying normal and pathologic anatomy. All decisions about arthroscopy must be made in conjunction with your surgeon or a licensed healthcare provider. These pictures will show any injuries to the bones that make up your shoulder joint.
The large bone in the upper arm is called the humerus. We searched medline for the years 1980 to 1999, using the key words shoulder, anatomy, glenohumeral joint, acromioclavicular joint, sternoclavicular. This mobility provides the upper extremity with tremendous range of motion such as adduction, abduction, flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, and 360 circumduction in the sagittal plane. The muscles surrounding the joint undergo reflex spasm in response to pain. The scapula is a large, flat, and somewhat triangular bone that sits between the humerus upper arm bone and collarbone.
Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day. The shoulderjoint is an enarthrodial or ballandsocket joint. This incongruent bony anatomy allows for the wide range of movement available at the shoulder joint but is also the reason for the lack of joint stability. T he joints of the shoulder com plex have to rely on adjacent ligam ents and m uscles to provide stability. The glenohumeral, or shoulder, joint is a synovial joint that attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton. T he capsule of the glenohum eral joint has a large volum e of norm ally about 10 to 15 m l and tw ice the surface area of the hum eral headyo o n the inside, it is covered with s y n. The shoulder joint structure movement teachmeanatomy. It is a flat, gliding joint that gives the shoulder joint additional flexibility that would not be possible with just the glenohumeral joint. Shoulder replacement surgery was first performed in the united states in the 1950s to treat severe shoulder fractures. Lets talk about some of the things that make this joint different both in skeletal structure and musculature from other joints less likely to be injured. Anatomy of the shoulder joint journal of orthopaedic. Pdf anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, shoulder muscles. When shoulder pain or function is severely compromised, joint replacement surgery might be an option. On one hand, this mobility is because of little bony congruity of.
Shoulder pain the synovial membrane, capsule, and ligaments of the shoulder joint are innervated by the axillary nerve and the suprascapular nerve. The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility found between the adjacent bones. O n the other hand, the shoulder com plex is com posed of the scapulothoracic articulation and the glenohum eral joint to. Read more on the anatomy of the shoulder joint in this. The shoulder is one of the most sophisticated and complicated joints of the body. The joints between these bones are flexible and allow for a wide range of motion. Anatomy and physiology the elbow joint is a hinge joint in other words, it can be bent and stretched. The shoulder joint is a ballandsocket joint composed of three bones.
Strengthening the muscles that support your shoulder will help keep your shoulder joint stable. Which muscle is a powerful defense to the front of the shoulder joint, preventing displacement of the head of the humerus. The central bony structure of the shoulder is the scapula. Stretching the muscles that you strengthen is important for restoring range of motion and preventing injury. The clavicle collarbone meets the acromion in the acromioclavicular joint. Pdf the humerus is the largest bone of the upper extremity and defines the human brachium arm. This often involves replacing the ballandsocket part of the shoulder joint with a prosthetic. Your doctor may order specific tests to help identify the cause of your pain and any other problems. This shoulder conditioning program should be continued for 4 to 6 weeks, unless otherwise.
Because of this mobility, it is at risk for injury or degenerative problems. Basic shoulder anatomy the shoulder complex is made up of three bones, which are connected by muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Webmds shoulder anatomy page provides an image of the parts of the shoulder and describes its function, shoulder problems, and more. Progressive cartilage destruction at the glenoid fossa and humeral head leads to diffuse and uniform loss of the glenohumeral joint space figure 209. A patients guide to shoulder anatomy compliments of. The shoulder anatomy, function, and dysfunction of the shoulder complex anatomy, function, and dysfunction of the shoulder complex sternoclavicular acromioclavicular joint joint glenohumeral joint figure 61. Pdf the shoulder joint glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket joint with the most. The human shoulder is the most mobile joint in the body. The glenohumeral gh joint makes up the ball and socket of the shoulder. Choose from 500 different sets of anatomy shoulder joint flashcards on quizlet. Introduction shoulder girdle is formed by scapula and clavicle and humerus upper end. Jul 16, 2019 the acromioclavicular joint is formed by an articulation between the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula.
Injury to 1 or more of these components through overuse or acute trauma disrupts this complex interrelationship and places the shoulder at increased risk. He or she will observe your shoulder range of motion and strength. Apr 01, 2014 the shoulder joint is one of the most movable joints in the human body. The shoulder joint is the junction between the chest and the upper extremity. As with all joints, there is cartilage on both ends of the connection to allow for smooth movement. Shoulder examination introduction shoulder disorders are can be broadly classified into the following types. Glenohumeral joint an overview sciencedirect topics.
If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The bones of the shoulder are the humerus upper arm bone, clavicle collar bone, and scapula shoulder blade. It allows the upper limb to have a wide array of movements. The bones entering into its formation are the hemispherical head of the humerus and the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula, an arrangement which permits of very considerable movement, while the joint itself is protected against displacement by the tendons which surround it. It involves articulation between the glenoid cavity of the scapula shoulder blade and the head of the humerus upper arm bone. The sterno clavicular sc joint supports the connection of the arms and shoulders to the main skeleton on the front of the chest. The shoulder blade is called the scapula and the collarbone is called the clavicle.
Pdf functional anatomy of the shoulder researchgate. Primary care sports medicine fellow steadman hawkins clinic of the carolinas. The glenohumeral joint is the ballandsocket junction of the top of the arm bone, and the socket of the shoulder blade. Clinical anatomy and stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint shoulder pain and instability are common complaints in primary care and orthopaedic sports medicine clinics.
This webpage presents the anatomical structures found on shoulder mri. The shoulder anatomy, function, and dysfunction of the. Click on a link to get t1 axial view t2fatsat axial view t1 coronal view t2fatsat coronal view t2fatsat sagittal view. The muscles surrounding the joint undergo reflex spasm in response to pain originating in the joint, which in turn serves to immobilize the joint and thus reduce the pain. Since this movement takes place between the upper arm humerus and the cubitus ulna, we speak of the socalled humeralulnar joint. Clavicle collarbone scapula shoulder blade humerus upper arm bone most ball and socket joints are constructed of a large socket into which the ball fits nicely which is a very stable structure. However, the elbow joint is also a rotary joint that allows the lower arm to turn outward. It is the major joint connecting the upper limb to the. The acromioclavicular joint is formed by an articulation between the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula. Injury to the shoulder joint is followed by pain, limitation of movement, and.
How skeletal structure lends to shoulder instability. Dec 17, 2018 pdf the humerus is the largest bone of the upper extremity and defines the human brachium arm. Movements in the acromioclavicular joint are directly related. The shoulder bones include the scapula shoulder blade, humerus upper arm bone, and clavicle collarbone. The shoulder joint is formed where the humerus upper arm. Helps to stabilize the shoulder joint by keeping the head of the humerus firmly pressed medially against the glenoid fossa of the scapula 16. Glenohumeral joint anatomy, stabilizer, and biomechanics. Learn anatomy shoulder joint with free interactive flashcards. The goal of this paper is to perform a complete analysis of the embryonic and early fetal development of the elements in the shoulder joint, and to clarify some contradictory data in the literature. Find shoulder anatomy stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. Shoulder pain and common shoulder problems orthoinfo aaos. Mar 18, 20 anatomy of shoulder joint vamshi kiran 1. Although shoulder joint replacement is less common than knee or hip replacement, it is just as successful in relieving joint pain.
The anatomy of the shoulder the shoulder a complex joint the basics. The shoulder is a very general term including all the structures of the anatomy of the region. Shoulder joint anatomy medvizz anatomy medical animations. Here is the very basic anatomy of the shoulder joint aka glenohumeral joint showing the ball and socket joint where the humerus bone of the arm meets the scapula. It consists of a girdle of structures around the top of the thoracic cage. In our study, serial sections of 32 human embryos carnegie stages 1623 and 26.
Anatomy of the human shoulder joint verywell health. Apr 14, 2020 the shoulder joint is the junction between the chest and the upper extremity. The co ordinated activity of numerous muscles working together in patterns is necessary to achieve this. Shoulder anatomy shoulder treatment denver rose medical.
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